Key Aspects of Colonoscopy

1. Purpose:
   • Diagnosis: Colonoscopy is primarily used to investigate gastrointestinal symptoms such as rectal bleeding, persistent abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, or unexplained weight loss. It can help diagnose conditions like polyps, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), diverticulosis, and colorectal cancer.
   • Screening: It is also a screening tool for colorectal cancer, recommended for individuals over the age of 45 or those at higher risk due to family history or other factors. Regular screenings can help detect precancerous polyps early.
2. Procedure:
   • Preparation: Patients must undergo bowel preparation, which typically involves a special diet and taking laxatives to clear the intestines.
   • Anesthesia: The procedure is often performed without sedation unless patient is not co-operating well 
   • Insertion of the Colonoscope: The colonoscope is gently inserted into the rectum and advanced through the colon. The doctor examines the lining of the colon for abnormalities, and if necessary, can take biopsies or remove polyps during the procedure.
3. Recovery:
   • Most patients can go home the same day after a brief recovery period. 
4. Risks:
   • Colonoscopy is generally safe, but potential risks include bleeding, infection, perforation of the colon, and adverse reactions to sedation.